心理剧中的镜观与会心

（编译：一秒人生）

镜观技术

       心理剧中的镜观技术让主角“如同照镜子般”观察自我。通过选择一名替身来扮演自己，主角可让场景（情境）继续发展下去，并从旁观者的角度观看（注视）这一切。通过导演的支持，主角能够观察到自己的行动、应对，对生活境况的演绎和处理。对一名会涌起剧烈或特定（固定）情绪的主角而言，当回顾那些曾经带来痛苦和创伤的往事时，镜观可以顾及一定程度的“情绪距离”。镜观技术还适用于角色陷入了心理或情绪上看似无法自拔的处境时，即受角色束缚或角色固着时。举例而言：有时候主角会被充满痛苦的关于家庭互动的激烈的心理剧演绎所吞没、控制，并重演她在情境发生时使用的防御方式，如闭嘴不言或感觉抽离。对此，镜观技术有助于阐明会发生什么，并能让主角从中更清楚更深入地看到自己。由此，主角即可了解到自己的防御结构，以及在生活中是如何表现出来的。

浅而言之，镜观技术可以在主角感到被剧中一个特定的动力场固着，想要从外部（旁观者的角度）观察这一场景、并从中获得洞察时使用。

The Mirror Technique

The psychodramatic mirror technique allows the protagonist to view herself “as if in a mirror.” By choosing a stand-in to play herself, the protagonist can allow a scene to progress and watch it from the outside. With the support of the director, the protagonist can view herself in action, coping, acting and dealing with her life circumstance. When reviewing material that has been painful or traumatic, the mirror can allow for a degree of emotional distance that can be useful to a protagonist who may feel flooded with intense or immobilizing emotion. The mirror technique can also be useful for someone who has become role-bound or glued, as it were, into a psychological or emotional position from which they cannot seem to get loose. Sometimes a protagonist will feel overwhelmed by the intensity of a psychodrama of a painful family dynamic, for example, and will reenact the defenses that she used to cope at the time the situation was occurring, such as shutting down or dissociating. The mirror technique can help illuminate what may be going on and enable the protagonist to see herself with greater clarity and compassion. With assistance, she can come to understand her own defensive structure and how it plays out in life.

On the lighter side, the mirror technique may be employed, for example, in a drama where the protagonist is feeling stuck in a particular dynamic and wishes to view the situation from the outside to gain perspective.

会心

会心是两个人之间面对面的交流，籍此双方都能体会到自己进入对方真实内在的方式，并通过对方的目光——一如通过自己的目光一般——观察自我。在团体情景下，将两把椅子面对面置于舞台或工作区域，就可以构成“会心”的场景。此时可以使用替身，或针对可能阻碍彼此间现时现地相处动力（ability）的移情处理等心理剧技术。不过会心的最终目的还是与对方直话直说，把对方当作其本人而不是一个角色去会心。会心可以使团体成员排除一切阻碍因素，彼此共处当下。

The Encounter

The encounter is a face-to-face exchange between two people in which two person is able to feel his or her way into the reality of the other, to see themselves through the other person’s eyes as well as their own. In a group situation, an encounter can be structured by placing two chairs on the stage or work area facing each other. Psychodramatic techniques such as doubling or working with transference figures that may be obstructing the ability to be with each other in the here and now can be used. But the goal is to talk directly to the other person, to encounter him not in a role, but as himself. Encounters allow group members to be in the here and now with each other and work through what might be in the way of their ability to be present.

（编译自：Dayton T. The Living Stage[M].Health Communications, 2005, pp42-43）